Labor is divided into three stages:

Stage one begins with the onset of contractions and generally lasts 1-2 hours. During this phase contractions move the foal through he cervix and into position in the birth canal. The fetal membranes (allantois) may become visible at the mare’s vulva. When the sac breaks, signaled by a rush of fluid, stage one ends.

Stage two is the actual expulsion of the foal. This phase moves relatively quickly. If it takes more than 30 minutes for the mare to deliver there could be a problem. If labor seems to be progressing, wait and watch. Even in a normal delivery the mare may stand up, lie down, and roll several times in an effort to properly position the foal for delivery.

Normal presentation of the foal resembles a diving position with front feet first, one slightly ahead of the other, hooves down, followed closely by the nose, head, neck, shoulders and hindquarters. If you notice hoof soles up, the foal may be backwards or upsidedown and you should call your veterinarian.

Stage three labor begins after delivery and is the phase during which the afterbirth is expelled. Most placentas are passed within 1-3 hours after the foal is delivered. If the placenta has not passed within 3 hours, call your veterinarian. A retained placenta can cause serious problems, including massive infection and laminitis.

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