Immediate signs of parturition:
 | First stage of labor associated with uterine contraction and pushing chorioallantois (outer layer of placenta) out cervix until it ruptures. Ranges from 10 minutes to 6 hours. (average 1 hour) |
| Second stage of labor - time from rupture of chorioallantois until the foal is delivered. Ranges from 2 minutes to 25 minutes. (average 10-15 minutes) The mare is usually down on her side and actively straining with abdominal pressure at this time. With the rupture of the chorioallantois, the thin white amnion should appear at the vulva. Usually one foreleg is positioned slightly ahead of the other and the foals head positioned on top of the forelegs. Any deviation from this position is considered abnormal (dystocia) and requires immediate attention and correction. The amnion may remain intact over the foal until delivered, then the foal will break the membrane with it’s forelegs. Assistance with the removal of the amnion with help prevent suffocation. The foal usually lies with it’s rear legs remaining in the mare and the umbilical cord still attached. This is normal and may last up to 30 minutes, and the mare should not be disturbed. |
| Third stage of labor is associated with expulsion of the placenta. This ranges from 5 minutes to 3 hours. (average 1 hour). Any placenta retained for more than 3 hours requires veterinary attention. |